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Elijah Muhammad : biography

07 October 1897 – 25 February 1975

Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October seven, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali; and his son Warith Deen Mohammed.

Conversion and rise to leadership

In August 1931, at the urging of his wife, Elijah Poole attended a speech on Islam and black empowerment by Wallace D. Fard. Afterward, Poole said he approached Fard and asked if he was the redeemer. Fard responded that he was, merely that his time had not yet come. Poole soon became an ardent follower of Fard and joined his movement, as did his wife and several brothers. Soon afterward, Poole was given the Muslim surname, first to Karriem, and later at Fard'southward bidding, to Muhammad. He causeless leadership of the Nation'southward Temple No. 2 in Chicago.The Messenger: The Rise and Autumn of Elijah Muhammad (2001). This source claims the showtime encounter between Poole and Fard took place at the Pooles' dinner table. His younger brother Kalot Muhammad became the leader of the move's self-defence force arm, the Fruit of Islam.

Fard was arrested during a law investigation of a ritual murder and later on released on the condition that he get out Detroit. He relocated to Chicago and connected to oversee the move from Temple No. 2. He turned over leadership of the growing Detroit group to Elijah Muhammad, and the Allah Temple of Islam changed its name to the Nation of Islam.The Messenger (2001) suggests the name was inverse to convince the authorities that Allah's Temple of Islam had disbanded. Elijah Muhammad and Wallace Fard continued to communicate until 1934, when Wallace Fard disappeared. Elijah Muhammad succeeded him in Detroit and was named "Minister of Islam". Later the disappearance, Elijah Muhammad told followers that Wallace Muhammad had literally been Allah on earth.An Original Man: One NOI tenet states: "There is no God but Allah, Main Westward. D. Fard, Elijah, his prophet"Charles Eric Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994.Chronology of the Nation of Islam, Toure Muhammad.

In 1934, the Nation of Islam published its beginning newspaper, Terminal Call to Islam, to educate and build membership. Children of its members attended classes at the newly created Muhammad University of Islam, but this before long led to challenges by boards of education in Detroit and Chicago, which considered the children truants from the public school system. The controversy led to the jailing of several University of Islam board members and Elijah Muhammad in 1934 and to violent confrontations with police. Muhammad was put on probation, merely the university remained open.

Early life

Elijah Muhammad was born Elijah Robert Poole in Sandersville, Georgia, the seventh of thirteen children to William Poole, Sr. (1868–1942), a Baptist lay preacher and sharecropper, and Mariah Hall (1873–1958), a homemaker and sharecropper.

Poole's educational activity ended at the fourth grade. To support the family, he worked with his parents equally a sharecropper. When he was sixteen years old, he left dwelling and began working in factories and at other businesses.

Marriage and family

Poole married Clara Evans (1899–1972) on March 7, 1917. In 1923, the Pooles, similar hundreds of thousands of other African Americans in those years, migrated from the Jim Crow South to the northern states for safety and employment opportunities in the industrial cities. Poole later recounted that before the historic period of twenty, he had witnessed the lynchings of three black men by white people. He said, "I seen plenty of the white man'due south brutality to final me 26,000 years".Claude Andrew Clegg II, An Original Homo: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad, St. Martin'due south Griffin, 1998.

The Pooles settled in Hamtramck, Michigan. Through the 1920s and 1930s, Poole struggled to find and keep work as the economy suffered during the Great Depression. During their years in Detroit, the Pooles had eight children, six boys and two girls.Richard Brent Turner, "From Elijah Poole to Elijah Muhammad", American Visions, October-November 1997.Karl Evanzz, The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad Random House, 2001.

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Source: https://fampeople.com/cat-elijah-muhammad

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